Examples Of Important Trade Offs - 1387 Words

Gino Palummo Microeconomics Final Due: 12/12/15 1. Examples of important trade-offs that I face in my life†¦ - To go out with my friends or to stay in and study. - Whether to take a nap or do my homework. - To buy a new car or to save my money. 2. a) Economists make assumptions to simplify a complicated world to make it easier to understand and to focus our thinking to the importance of the problem. If we focus on what we are really looking for it will make coming up with a solution much easier. b) Economists sometimes offer conflicting advice to policy makers because each economist might have a different view on any situation depending on their religion, political view, etc. c) An economic model cannot describe reality because it would be too hard to understand. A model is simplified to show what is the most important. 3. a) No, economic output did not start growing faster than the population from the beginning of the human inhabitation of the earth because rapid and sustained economic growth is a modern phenomenon. b) Modern economic growth began with the Industrial Revolution in 1760. c) No, all of the world’s nations did not experience the same extent of modern economic growth because the vast differences in living standards seen today between rich and poor countries are almost entirely the result of the fact that only some countries have experienced modern economic growth. 4. a) The difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics is thatShow MoreRelatedOperational Effectiveness Is Not Strategy1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world of business today, rivals can quickly copy market position, and competitive advantage is temporary. The problem is the failure to distinguish between operational effectiveness and strategy. 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Good relations between employers and employees are only possible if both feel that they can discuss major

Health and Social Care Unit 5 - 1111 Words

Unit 5 Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in health and social care 1.1, 1.2 Physical Abuse Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.. Physical abuse includes... * Hitting / slapping / kicking * Pushing * Pinching * Force feeding * Burning / scalding * Misuse of medication or restraint * Catheterisation for the convenience of staff * Refusing access to toilet facilities * Leaving people in wet or soiled clothing or bedding Signs and symptoms of physical abuse... * Multiple bruising or finger marks * Fractures/dislocations * Scratches or cuts * Pressure sores * Black eyes†¦show more content†¦Signs and symptoms of institutional abuse... * Inability to make choices or decisions * Dirty clothing/bed linen * Un-homely living conditions Self neglect Self neglect is where individuals place themselves at risk of harm and potential danger. Self neglect abuse includes... * Increasing infirmity * Physical illness or disability * Memory and concentration problems * Sensory loss or difficulty * Mental illness and mental health problems * Learning difficulties/disabilities * Alcohol and drug misuse problems * A different set of priorities and perspectives Signs and symptoms of Self neglect abuse... * Loss of weight * living environment is dirty and unhygienic * pressure sores * dehydration * malnutrition Neglect by others Neglect by others occurs when either a support worker or a family or friend carer fails to meet someone’s support needs as they do not realise its importance, or because they cannot be bothered, or choose not to provide it. Neglect by others abuseShow MoreRelatedUnit 5 Health and Social Care Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 5 P4, M1 and D1 This essay will explain the physiologies of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system and how they work in the metabolism of energy in the body. 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Philosophical Legal Ethics and Personal Integrity

Question: Discuss about the Philosophical Legal Ethics and Personal Integrity. Answer: Introduction Ethics is demonstrating our values when faced with situations that test our moral compass. Ethics determines the choices we make and the implications derived. The ethical lens inventory is a specially designed evaluation tool that assists people to understand their core values that influence their decisions in life(Marcuse 2015, p.1260). The Ethical Lens Inventory (ELI) is critical to understand and point out individuals values in addition to how they prioritize their values when making ethical decisions. The Lenss ultimate goal is to help students to minimize unnecessary conflict with their colleagues, make better ethical judgments and enjoy their lives moral values with confidence and integrity. The ELI gives an indication of strengths, gifts, temptation points, and hubris. Our personal value liking places us in a particular ethical lens that emphasizes on various secondary values. The ELI provides awareness about appropriate moral priorities, strengths, and blind spots. The ELI seeks to create global citizens. A global citizen is a resident of a given country who sees themselves as part of a new sustainable global community. The behavior of a global citizen must support the values and practices the community upholds. Values evolve over time, and a global citizen should keep close tabs on them. The main area of concern for a global citizen is the values and issues a community stresses upon. A global citizen is an integral element in a community. Global citizens have responsibilities required of them. To become a global citizen a person has to have a knowledge of the values he upholds. These values impact your ethical decision-making ability when faced with ethical dilemmas(Marcuse 2015, p.1261). Personal ethics is essential to identify how an individual prioritizes core values when making moral decisions. I have never been a good judge of character of other people. I always tend to see the good in people even if others are of a different opinion. On the start of the semester, I started an innovative small group whereby we offered each other creative ideas and financial assistance where possible to start a project. The group had four members including three gentlemen and one lady. Since we were all friends we had stricken a good rapport and everything was going according to our plans. Our vision was to create innovations that could help solve societal problems. Our innovative ideas were simple but adhered to environmental conservation and community economic development. One of our friends engaged in the solar lighting business. He had created a solar lamp, which would also act as a portable torch. Furthermore, the lamp could charge smartphones through USB. In the middle of the semester, we encountered a problem in our finance department. The group was running out of funds, and our projects were only at the starter stage. We had to source for funds as soon as possible. We talked to our families and friends, but it was up to no vain. As we were running out of options, we decided to approach a certain businessman in the community. He was well known for his vast fortune but had poor public image due to his corrupt nature. He had made his empire through fraudulent means. The task was to show him a glimpse of our projects and discuss on how much he would lend us and at what interest rate. As the other group members were against the idea, I went and made a deal on behalf of the group to secure the needed funds. We plowed the money into our small business ventures and worked tirelessly to make more money and repay the loan we had just taken. Little did I know that I had just made a deal with an unscrupulous man? We were repaying our loan in bits as per our agreement but then the corrupt lender started demanding more. He started asking for more installments as he saw that our business ventures were doing well, and we could repay the loan. At the moment when he began asking for more money is when I realized that he did not lend us money to save our business. He had hopes that we would fail in repaying the debt so he could take over our companies and ideas to benefit his selfish gains. In the end, we had to go through a big hustle to get all the remaining money we owed him and paid it in one installment. Paying him the debt at once was our only chance of cutting ties with him. I had trusted the wrong person without listening to advice from my friends. I saw the right side of the business person even though I was warned. Looking back at the whole experience, I realized I should not have trusted the man so quickly. Due to my values, I thought I made an ethical choice for everyone but in reality, I had messed up. I felt that the community was unjustly treating the businessman, and I could give him a fair chance to show his real character. Repaying the loan in one installment crippled our businesses and we had to start from scratch. Decision making is a very important tool in the success of a business venture. Through making the right decisions, a leader can tap into the whole potential of an organization and maximize profits (Zylberman 2015, p.862). It is not always easy to make ethical decisions knowing that you have to forego another opportunity which could be more profitable. Over the last summer holiday, I worked as a human resource assistant in a profitable organization. I had designated roles within the organization as the human resource department is ever busy. My daily duties included setting up interviews, calling the candidates to invite them for the interviews and occasionally being on the interview panel. This meant that I was part of the decision being made on the most suitable candidate to be selected for the job. During recruitment, the selection is a very critical step. It is often easy to find a good candidate to fill a position or join the firm, but it is hard to place that person in the right position and at the right time. In the midst of the summer, a position fell vacant due to the unfortunate death of an employee. The position had to be filled immediately as it was a crucial management position. We called and invited candidates for the interviewing process. Gladly, I was a member of the interviewing panel, and we had to make a choice for the right candidate. As the final decision rests with the human resource manager, he settled on an excellent employee who proved to be better in the interview process. Unfortunately, the candidate had poor skills and knowledge in the required field but was the best in the interview. We then proceeded to hire the guy and place him in the empty position. At first, all seemed to be well and sundry, but as the organization started facing challenges, it is when problems with the candidates skills and knowledge started to manifest. Assignments would be done sub standard or submitted late, and poor decisions were made. A few weeks to performance evaluation, the organization began overcoming the challenges and competition to become a market leader. During this time the performance of the new employee improved a little bit. During the performance evaluation exercise, the human resource manager evaluated his performance highly in spite of the previous dismal performances. If I were the human resource manager, I would not have employed the guy just by passing an interview. It is a very common knowledge that the best in an interview are not the best potential employees(Hill and Mulvey 2014, p.165). A person can train specifically to pass an interview even though he does not have the required skills and knowledge. The decision to employ the uns uitable candidate was a poor decision that cannot be justified by continuing to have the employee work in the organization. Global citizenship requires a person to engage ethically and productively in the professional context (Torres 2015, p.264). Moral sensitivity and awareness are critical values to be upheld in the workplace. I worked in a particular sales company in the year 2015 as a part time sales agent. My job was out in the field, so I was in the office occasionally. I was not relevant to the culture adopted by employees especially the sales agents. After a while, I discovered that a good number of the sales agents and senior employees were overstating their travel reimbursements. They were overstating their travel expenses to increase their pay package. Fellow employees encouraged me to adopt the same values and do the same. To them, it was not a big deal, and it was a way to get payback against the organizations management for little compensation. They urged me to be part of the unethical process, and I would become a full member of the group. They would encourage each other in spreading the vice. This was a tough choice to make as I was being compensated a little and I needed the extra money to cater for my expenses. I had to make a decision to either adhere to the moral values of the society or adopt to the new culture of dishonesty. I had to consider my fidelity to the company, loyalty to other employees and global citizenship. Being a firm believer of the global citizenship initiative, I had to make a decision as not all values can be upheld at the same time(Sherman 2016, p.633). Since I strongly believe in my ethical values of autonomy, equality, rationality and sensibility. Because I can make ethical choices for myself and others, I had to make the best option suitable for that situation. I made a decision not to follow in the footsteps of my fellow colleagues. I brought the matter to the attention of the management. The company had to respond to the issue and respond with strict company policies to prevent any future loss. Had I engaged in the same unethical habitual be havior I would have become habituated to violating all aspects of my ethical framework. Nevertheless, I did not comprise on my personal ethics. To be a global citizen, it is only right to adhere to the moral values of the society and my core values of equality, rationality, sensibility and the virtue of justice. Conclusion To be a global citizen, a person has to engage in the required decent set of behavior and act professionally. Personal ethical values determine the kind of choices we make when confronted with ethical situations. Understanding your ethical lens inventory results is key to living an ethical life of moral values and becoming a global citizen. Ethics and moral values are pillars that hold a society together. A global citizen should be dedicated to teaching these values and upholding them wherever he or she goes to. Global citizenship is a community and is not controlled by any border lines. It is the moral responsibility of each individual to uphold the right moral values and help make the society a better place. References Dare, T 2010, 'Philosophical Legal Ethics And Personal Integrity',University of Toronto Law Journal, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1021-1030. Hill, JD, Mulvey, GJ 2014, 'Resources And Guidance For Ethics And Personal Conduct In Meteorology',Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 164-167. Jong, J, Whitehouse, H, Kavanagh, C, Lane, J 2015, 'Shared Negative Experiences Lead to Identity Fusion via Personal Reflection',PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1-12. Lachman, VD 2016, 'Ethics, Law, and Policy. Moral Resilience: Managing and Preventing Moral Distress and Moral Residue',MEDSURG Nursing, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 121-124. Marcuse, P 2015, 'Gentrification, Social Justice and Personal Ethics',International Journal of Urban Regional Research, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1263-1269. Montgomery, J 2015, 'Conscientious Objection: Personal And Professional Ethics In The Public Square',Medical Law Review, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 200-220. Moula, P, Sandin, P 2015, 'Evaluating Ethical Tools',Metaphilosophy, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 263-279. Sacks, E 2016, 'Law, Ethics, and the Needs of History: Mendelssohn, Krochmal, and Moral Philosophy',Journal of Religious Ethics, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 352-377. Sherman, P 2016, 'Preparing social workers for global gaze: locating global citizenship within social work curricula',Social Work Education, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 632-642. Sheskin, M, Baumard, N 2016, 'Switching Away from Utilitarianism: The Limited Role of Utility Calculations in Moral Judgment',PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1-14. Sklad, M, Friedman, J, Park, E, Oomen, B 2016, ''Going Glocal': a qualitative and quantitative analysis of global citizenship education at a Dutch liberal arts and sciences college',Higher Education, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 323-340. Stuart, SR 2016, 'Addressing the balance of evidence and power: Personal reflections on research in recovery',Clinical Psychology Forum, no. 283, pp. 48-51. Torres, CA 2015, 'Global Citizenship and Global Universities. The Age of Global Interdependence and Cosmopolitanism',European Journal of Education, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 262-279. Zylberman, A 2015, 'Essays in Second-Personal Ethics. Vol. 2, Honor, History, and Relationship',Ethics, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 862-867.

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay Example

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay The Nazi Government extensively used Propaganda to influence the German nation and to promote the views of the Regime. It was utilised with the aim of coaxing the people to think and behave in a specific manner. Propaganda was vital for the Nazis as it won the support that enabled them to gain power. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels were the main force behind the Nazi propaganda machine, they intended to keep the population satisfied and to win the support for their political policies. The key theme behind the propaganda was to indoctrinate the people with their Weltanschauung idea (view of the world or philosophy), seeking to turn them into committed members of their Volkgemeinschaft. Did the Nazis achieve their objectives? Did the propaganda prove to be successful? All propaganda was created by Goebbels and Hitler it was spearheaded through the Reich Chamber of Propaganda and Enlightenment of which Goebbels was in charge. The Nazi government used several different forms of propaganda so that they took every opportunity to influence the typical German. They used the media in the form of the press, radio and film. They contaminated culture with their ideas, using paintings, sculpture, architecture, theatre and literature. They held meetings and rallies and had particular Nazi festivals. They influenced the youth by introducing Nazi education and a youth organisation known as the Hitler Youth. Finally they attempted to create a religion known as the German faith movement which combined Nazi ideology with Christian beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Apart from Volkgemeinschaft there were many other themes that the propaganda had intended to promote they were anti-Semitism (the hatred of the Jews), the Fuhrer or Hitler myth that is summed up by Germany is Hitler! Hitler is Germany! Other subjects were national solidarity, anti liberalism and anti left wing/ democracy. The features of the Propaganda used were its subtly it was always there but the individual didnt realise the influence it was having upon them. There was focus on each particular theme, it was enforced through constant repetition. They used different medium so it reached the whole nation. The message was simplified so the common German could understand it and the number of issues it advertised was kept to a minimum so it had a greater influence. As Goebbels the Reich propaganda minister said the finest kind of propaganda does not reveal itself; the best propaganda is that which works invisibly, penetrating into every cell of life in such a way that the public has no idea of the aims of the propagandists. It is the task of state propaganda so to simplify complicated ways of thinking that even the smallest man in the street may understand. The Nazis took strict control over the press; the centre for the Reich Press control had a list of all acceptable editors. In October 1933 it was made illegal to publish anything that would weaken the Reich. The press agencies would write half of the content of the newspapers, the other half was came from the press conferences. Press was basically state controlled; the press lost all its freedom of expressionism. In 1933 the Nazis only controlled 3 per cent of the press by 1939 that had risen to 69 per cent. Section four of the press law ordered editors to keep out of the newspapers anything which in any manner is misleading to the public, mixes selfish aims with community aims, tends to weaken the strength of the German Reich, outwardly or inwardly, the common will of the German people, the defence of Germany, its culture and economy or offends the honour and dignity of Germany. Radio became one of the most powerful tools of indoctrination; Goebbels described it as the spiritual weapon of the totalitarian state. In April 1934 the Nazis established a unified radio system. They purged all of what they described as hostile elements from the system. Probably Goebbels greatest propaganda asset was the production of the Volksempfanger (peoples receiver). It was a cheap small radio subsidised by the government and it only picked up one station. In 1933 7 million people owned one of these radios by 1940 16 million household were listening. To start with the radio was only for light entertainment. In 1935 the estimated audience was 37 million out of 70 million people. If a speech were about to be broadcast then a siren would sound all work would stop and mass listening would commence. Through technical devices such as the radio 80 million people were deprived of independent thought. It was thereby possible to subject them to the will of one man. Film was seen as a form of light entertainment and relaxation. During the 1930s as audiences increased Hitler began to realise that it could be used as a means of propaganda. In 1942 it was nationalised under the UFA. However it wasnt just domestic films that were controlled it was also foreign film that was restrained in particular a number of American Films were banned, because they promoted anti-social behaviour. Goebbels made himself personally responsible for each film, a film would be rewarded by money if it was supportive of Nazism and they were valuable to society. Leni Reifenstahl was Hitlers favourable Director. The two most famed films she directed were the Triumph of the Will released in 1935 and Olympia a documentary about the 1936 Berlin Olympic games. There were many films that promoted Nazi ideology such as the Eternal Jew, that referred to the Jews as a parasitic race, and Judd Suss about the hanging of a Jew. Film was used more for maintaining support for Nazism rather than converting people. One of the most effective ways of maintaining support was through mass rallies. Most of the participants would already be Nazi supporters, but their commitment would probably be strengthened through attending these rallies. Films of rallies might make non-participants feel they wanted to become part of such an impressive movement. The purpose of rallies like film was to improve and maintain support Goebbels described how rallies transformed a person from a little worm into a part of a large dragon. Much of the Nazi social policy was aimed at transforming peoples consciousness far more than their social position. A wide variety of schemes were devised to encapsulate the idea the idea of Volkgemeinschaft, working together, protected by the state. The DAF (German Labour Front) provided facilities for German workers. The peoples car scheme symbolised co-operation to help potentially anyone. The winter relief campaign and Eintopf (one pot meal) all illustrated the new sense of unity within society. The social policy was used to help keep the nation content so they saw that the Nazi Government was good for Germany. The Nazis were determined, through the Reich Chamber of Culture, to exercise control over all forms of culture, to apply it to strengthen their power and to include their values. After 1933 the arts were bound to serve as vehicles for the broadcasting of Nazi ideology, and to help fabricate the peoples collective mind. The arts are for the National Socialist State a public exercise; they are not only aesthetic but also moral in nature and in the public interest demands not only police supervision but also guidance. Painting was dumbed down so it could be easily understood by the common German. Heroic scenes, biological purity and athletic images that promoted the individual was used providing all sections of the community with an ideal. Artists had to have permission to paint and those that did not coincide with the Nazi ideals were prevented from painting or exiled. As a result art in Germany lost its individuality. Degenerate art was art that Hitler considered unacceptable basically any art that had no connection with Volkgemeinschaft and art that threatened to split society. As in all things, the people trust the judgement of one man, the Fuhrer. He knows which way German art must go in order to fulfil its task as a projection of the German character. Sculpture was used by the nazis as it was strong and was a long lasting way to promote the Aryan race all sculpture was changed so that it promoted Nazi ideology. A series of massive sculptural muscle men paraded on or in front of Nazi buildings, reflecting the biologically pure, vigorous Aryan race. Considerable use was also made of photographs. Hitler had an official photographer, Heinrich Hoffman. Key images were carefully stage-managed. Hitler practised expressions and poses before the camera. A series of photographs was widely reproduced, some as postcards, others inside cigarette packets. Of all the traditional arts architecture was viewed as the most artistic form of propaganda. Hitler described it as the word in stone. Buildings were experienced by large numbers of people, and could be constructed in materials that would last; they could thus represent the Thousand-Year Reich that the Nazis were building. The Nazis, like other parties had made considerable use of political posters during the democratic Weimar Republic. After 1933 they had a monopoly which was used to deepen support. For the Nazis education was particularly important. In the schools Nazi racial views were taught and textbooks in subjects such as history and biology were re-written. Teachers were required to join the Nazi Teachers Association and were continuously watched to ensure they followed the party rules by law the association was held responsible for the execution of the ideological and political co-ordination of all teachers in accordance with the National Socialist doctrine. Universities were placed under control of government appointed rectors and academics were not willing to toe the Nazi line were forced out. The Hitler youth was a form of propaganda. It allowed Hitler to infiltrate every aspect of young peoples lives, to always be there. It was the fun of activities and sports, social activities, that held the true appeal of the Hitler youth to the young, not the military practices and exercises that were endlessly drilled into them. All youth movements were absorbed into the Hitler youth, which boys joined at the age of 14. The boys were indoctrinated with the nationalist and racist ideas. They took an oath to Hitler as saviour of our country and were taught to look forward to a future role in the military service. The parallel girls organisation the League of German Maids, prepared girls to serve the state as wives and mothers. Many Christians initially welcomed the Nazis in preference to the ungodly Weimar Republic. This encouraged Hitler to attempt to bring he church under Nazi control by amalgamating the 28 provincial Churches into a Reich Church under a Reich Bishop, Muller. The Nazification of the Reich Church, which attempted to combine Christianity with anti-Semitism and Fuhrer-worship, resulted in a split and emergence of the Confessional Church, led by Pastor Niemoller. This was banned in 1937 and Niemoller and some hundreds of other Pastors were sent to concentration camps. The relevance of how successful propaganda was at reaching people is that it would be true to say that if it had reached people, if it had influenced peoples thought in a way beneficial to the rise of the Nazi party, therefore it had reached its primary aim. If it was successful then it is a credible explanation as to why the Nazis did gain power, through its constant repetition and its means of a way of creating a terror state. Effectively brain wash the nation in to believing that their ideals were right. Propaganda was used in its greatest effect to affect every German person in at least some small way. Propaganda helped the rising Nazi party earn a stronger foothold in the consciousness of peoples thoughts, earn a vote, earn support. However it was not entirely successful as there was fierce opposition to the Nazi movement we see in the example of the Christian Church and the dissenting Confessional Church from the newly created Reich Church. Also there was the Edelweiss Pirates which was a youth movement set up to counteract the Hitler Youth the slogan of this movement was Were going to get rid of Hitler and he cant do a thing. In this opposition we see a failure of propaganda because it shows that it was not influential enough to control these groups opposed to Nazism. It is very difficult to actually gauge the success of Nazi propaganda no market research was conducted to collect results there is no accurate way of measuring the success. If there had been polls conducted, the results would have shown exactly what Goebbels and Hitler wanted people to think, this was achieved by making sure that only certain things were safe to think and more importantly safe to say. In general Nazi propaganda was most successful where it could play traditional prejudices and values of German middle class society, upon issues such as nationalism, anti-socialism, family values But where the regime opposed traditional loyalties, it was far less successful, most obviously in the case of the Churches, also amongst the German working class. We can see that the propaganda must have been influential amongst the German people. It helped the Nazis gain support of the middle class in particular. The nation seemed to be united under Hitler or was that the image portrayed by the Goebbels propaganda machine? The Nazis did achieve some of their objectives through propaganda especially support for their political policies. The only indication we have of success is in the fact that the Nazis gained sufficient support in order for them to be democratically elected into a government which they later destroyed. As Goebbels said in 1934 Propaganda was our sharpest weapon in conquering the state, and remains our sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state. Propaganda was the Nazis main weapon and in the evidence we have of election results, support and little opposition the Nazi propaganda machine did succeed in achieving its objectives and therefore was largely successful.